Mitolo ya mitochondria (yachikasu) mkati mwa ma gopher photoreceptor cones imakhala ndi gawo losayembekezereka poyang'ana kwambiri kuwala kowoneka bwino (kuwala kuchokera pansi) (mtengo wabuluu).Khalidwe lowalali limatha kuwongolera maso mwa kupanga ma pigment omwe ali m'ma cell a cone kuti azitha kujambula bwino.
Udzudzu umakuyang'anani kudzera mumagulu a ma microlens.Mumatembenuza mutu wanu, gwirani flyswatter m'manja mwanu, ndikuyang'ana vampire ndi diso lanu lodzichepetsa, lagalasi limodzi.Koma zikuwoneka kuti mutha kuwonana wina ndi mnzake - komanso dziko - kuposa momwe mukuganizira.
Kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa mwezi watha m'magazini ya Science Advances adapeza kuti mkati mwa diso loyamwitsa, mitochondria, ma cell-nourishing organelles, amatha kutenga gawo lachiwiri la ma microlens, kuthandiza kuyang'ana kuwala pa photopigments, ma pigment awa amasintha kuwala kukhala minyewa yolumikizira ubongo. kutanthauzira.Zomwe zapezazi zikuwonetsa kufanana kwakukulu pakati pa maso a mammalian ndi maso ophatikizika a tizilombo ndi ma arthropods ena, kutanthauza kuti maso athu ali ndi mawonekedwe obisika komanso kuti chisinthiko chapanga gawo lakale kwambiri lamapangidwe athu am'manja omwe amapezeka kuti agwiritse ntchito mwatsopano.
Diso lomwe lili kutsogolo kwa diso limayang'ana kuwala kochokera ku chilengedwe kupita ku minofu yopyapyala kumbuyo, yotchedwa retina.Kumeneko, maselo a photoreceptor - ma cones omwe amakongoletsa dziko lathu lapansi ndi ndodo zomwe zimatithandiza kuyenda mu kuwala kochepa - zimatenga kuwala ndikusintha kukhala zizindikiro za ubongo zomwe zimapita ku ubongo.Koma ma photopigment ali kumapeto kwenikweni kwa ma photoreceptors, nthawi yomweyo kuseri kwa mtolo wandiweyani wa mitochondrial.Kukonzekera kwachilendo kwa mtolowu kumasintha mitochondria kukhala zopinga zowonekera zosafunikira zobalalitsa kuwala.
Mitochondria ndiye "chotchinga chomaliza" ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono, adatero Wei Li, wofufuza wamkulu ku National Eye Institute komanso wolemba wamkulu wa pepalali.Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi a masomphenya sanathe kumvetsa dongosolo lachilendo la organelles - pambuyo pake, mitochondria ya maselo ambiri amamatira ku organelle yawo yapakati - phata.
Asayansi ena amanena kuti nyali zimenezi zinasanduka kutali ndi kumene zizindikiro za kuwala zimasinthidwa kukhala zizindikiro za m’mitsempha, njira yochulutsa mphamvu imene imalola mphamvu kupopa mosavuta ndi kuperekedwa mwamsanga.Koma kenako kafukufuku anayamba kusonyeza kuti photoreceptors safuna mitochondria yambiri kuti apeze mphamvu-m'malo mwake, amatha kupeza mphamvu zambiri mu njira yotchedwa glycolysis, yomwe imapezeka mu gelatinous cytoplasm.
Lee ndi gulu lake adaphunzira za ntchito ya timapepala ta mitochondrial posanthula maselo a cone a gopher, kanyama kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi maso owoneka bwino masana koma kumakhala akhungu usiku chifukwa ma cone photoreceptors ake ndi aakulu mopanda malire.
Pambuyo pofanizira pakompyuta kuwonetsa kuti mitochondrial mitolo imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka, Lee ndi gulu lake adayamba kuyesa zinthu zenizeni.Anagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zoonda za ma retina a gologolo, ndipo ma cell ambiri adachotsedwa kupatula ma cones ochepa, kotero "anangotenga thumba la mitochondria" lodzaza bwino mkati mwa nembanemba, adatero Lee.
Mwa kuunikira chitsanzo ichi ndikuchifufuza mosamala pansi pa maikolosikopu apadera a confocal opangidwa ndi John Ball, wasayansi mu labu ya Lee komanso wolemba wamkulu wa phunziroli, tapeza zotsatira zosayembekezereka.Kuwala komwe kumadutsa mumtengo wa mitochondrial kumawoneka ngati kuwala kowala kwambiri.Ofufuzawo adatenga zithunzi ndi makanema a kuwala kolowera mumdima kudzera mu ma microlens awa, pomwe ma photopigment amadikirira nyama zamoyo.
Mtolo wa mitochondrial umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, osati ngati chopinga, koma popereka kuwala kochuluka momwe mungathere kwa ma photoreceptors osatayika pang'ono, Li akutero.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zofananira, iye ndi anzake adatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ya lens imayambitsidwa ndi mtolo wa mitochondrial wokha, osati ndi nembanemba yozungulira (ngakhale nembanemba imagwira ntchito).Mbiri yakale ya gopher idawathandizanso kuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe a mtolo wa mitochondrial ndi wofunikira kuti athe kuyang'ana kwambiri: m'miyezi yomwe gopher imabisala, mitolo yake ya mitochondrial imasokonezeka ndikuchepa.Ofufuzawo atatengera zomwe zimachitika kuwala kumadutsa mumtolo wa mitochondrial wa gologolo wogona, adapeza kuti sikumayang'ana kwambiri kuwala monga momwe atambasulira ndikuyitanitsa kwambiri.
M'mbuyomu, asayansi ena adanenanso kuti mitolo ya mitochondrial ingathandize kusonkhanitsa kuwala mu retina, anatero Janet Sparrow, pulofesa wa ophthalmology ku Columbia University Medical Center.Komabe, lingalirolo linawoneka kukhala lachilendo: “Anthu ena onga ine anaseka ndi kunena kuti, ‘Bwerani, kodi muli ndi mitochondria yochuluka chonchi yotsogolera kuunikako?– iye anati."Ndi chikalata chomwe chimatsimikizira - ndipo ndichabwino kwambiri."
Lee ndi anzake amakhulupirira kuti zomwe adaziwona mu gophers zikhoza kuchitikanso mwa anthu ndi anyani ena, omwe ali ndi mapiramidi ofanana kwambiri.Iwo amaganiza kuti likhoza kufotokozanso chinthu china chimene chinafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1933 chotchedwa Stiles-Crawford effect, pamene kuwala kodutsa pakati pa mwana kumaonedwa kuti ndi kowala kuposa kuwala kodutsa pakona.Chifukwa kuwala kwapakati kumatha kuyang'ana kwambiri pamtolo wa mitochondrial, ofufuza akuganiza kuti chitha kuyang'ana kwambiri pa pigment ya cone.Amasonyeza kuti kuyeza zotsatira za Stiles-Crawford kungathandize kuzindikira msanga matenda a retina, omwe ambiri amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa mitochondrial ndi kusintha.Gulu la Lee linkafuna kusanthula momwe mitochondria yodwala imawunikira mosiyanasiyana.
Ndi "chitsanzo choyesera chokongola" komanso chatsopano chatsopano, adatero Yirong Peng, pulofesa wothandizira wa ophthalmology ku UCLA yemwe sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu.Zingakhale zosangalatsa kuwona ngati mitolo ya mitochondrial ingathenso kugwira ntchito mkati mwa ndodo kuti iwonetsetse bwino usiku, Peng anawonjezera.
Osachepera mu ma cones, mitochondria iyi ikadakhala ma microlenses chifukwa nembanemba yake imapangidwa ndi lipids omwe mwachilengedwe amawunikira kuwala, adatero Lee."Ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi."
Ma lipids amawonekanso kuti amapeza izi kwina kulikonse m'chilengedwe.Mbalame ndi zokwawa, zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa madontho amafuta zapangidwa mu retina zomwe zimakhala ngati zosefera zamitundu, komanso zimaganiziridwa kuti zimagwira ntchito ngati ma microlens, monga mitochondrial bundle.Pankhani yachisinthiko chosinthika, mbalame zikuyenda m'mwamba, udzudzu ukuyenda mozungulira nyama yawo yosangalatsa yaumunthu, mumawerenga izi ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe adasinthika paokha - zosinthika zomwe zimakopa owonera.Apa pakubwera dziko lomveka bwino komanso lowala.
Ndemanga ya mkonzi: Yirong Peng adalandira thandizo la Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship, pulojekiti yomwe inathandizidwa ndi Simons Foundation, yomwe imathandiziranso magazini yosinthidwa paokha.Lingaliro landalama la Simmons Foundation silikhudza malipoti athu.
Kuwongolera: Epulo 6, 2022 Mutu wa chithunzi chachikulu poyamba udazindikira molakwika mtundu wa mitolo ya mitochondrial ngati wofiirira m'malo mwachikasu.Kupaka utoto wofiirira kumalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba yozungulira mtolo.
Magazini ya Quanta imayang'anira ndemanga kuti ilimbikitse zokambirana zodziwitsa, zatanthauzo komanso zotukuka.Ndemanga zokhumudwitsa, zamwano, zodzikweza, zosocheretsa, zosagwirizana, kapena zopanda mutu zidzakanidwa.Oyang'anira amatsegula nthawi yabizinesi (nthawi yaku New York) ndipo amangovomereza ndemanga zolembedwa mu Chingerezi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2022
